Judge : Jurnal Hukum

Kepemimpinan Trump dan Nasionalisme Sumber Daya: Refleksi terhadap Kemandirian Doktrin Pertahanan Indonesia

2025-11-03T09:13:05+00:00

Dinamika geopolitik global saat ini menunjukkan kompleksitas persaingan sumber daya dan kekuatan strategis antarnegara besar, di mana gaya kepemimpinan para tokoh dunia memainkan peran penting dalam orientasi nasional dan doktrin pertahanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis gaya kepemimpinan Donald Trump yang menekankan America First, kemandirian industri pertahanan, dan pengelolaan energi sebagai instrumen strategis, serta menilai implikasinya terhadap pengembangan doktrin pertahanan Indonesia yang berlandaskan Pancasila, nilai kejuangan TNI, dan visi Indonesia Emas 2045. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi literatur, analisis kebijakan, dan teori kepemimpinan transformasional, adaptif, dan strategis militer, dilengkapi analisis doktrin pertahanan, logistik, energi, dan kesiapan multi-domain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemandirian sumber daya, proteksionisme industri, dan kesiapan logistik yang menjadi ciri kepemimpinan Trump dapat diadaptasi untuk Indonesia, namun harus disesuaikan dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila dan kejuangan TNI agar tetap inklusif, etis, dan berorientasi kesejahteraan rakyat. Rekomendasi strategis mencakup pembangunan industri pertahanan domestik, penguatan cadangan energi, pengembangan SDM dan teknologi, serta modernisasi doktrin multi-domain yang adaptif, mandiri, dan tanggap terhadap ancaman modern. Penerapan strategi ini diharapkan memperkuat kedaulatan nasional sekaligus mendukung pembangunan pertahanan yang berkelanjutan menuju Indonesia Emas 2045.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Pada Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang : Perspektif Hukum Pidana Internasional

2025-11-03T09:15:17+00:00

Perlindungan hukum anak pelaku tindak pidana perdagangan orang (TPPO) dari perspektif hukum pidana internasional merupakan kajian normatif yang berfokus pada analisis instrumen hukum internasional dan regulasi nasional. Instrumen internasional yang dikaji meliputi Konvensi Hak Anak (KHA) 1989 dan Protokol Palermo 2000, sedangkan regulasi nasional meliputi Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak, Undang-Undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang, dan Undang-Undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa anak yang terlibat sebagai pelaku masih dipandang sebagai kelompok rentan yang harus mendapatkan perlindungan khusus. Prinsip Kepentingan Terbaik Anak dan konsep Keadilan Restoratif menjadi dasar penanganan dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak. Namun, masih terdapat kesenjangan antara kerangka normatif internasional dan implementasi nasional, yang membutuhkan harmonisasi hukum dan kebijakan yang lebih responsif terkait perlindungan anak dalam kasus perdagangan orang. Teori Kepentingan Terbaik Anak dari Konvensi Hak Anak (CRC), yang berfungsi sebagai lex specialis dalam hukum anak, dan konsep Keadilan Restoratif mendasari penanganan dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak. Prinsip ini memastikan bahwa penanganan kasus tidak berfokus pada hukuman, melainkan pada rehabilitasi, pendidikan, dan reintegrasi sosial anak.

PERAN PENYIDIK BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL SUMATERA UTARA DALAM PEMBERANTASAN PEREDARAN GELAP NARKOTIKA DI KOTA MEDAN

2025-11-03T09:24:20+00:00

This study examines the function of investigators from the National Narcotics Agency of North Sumatra Province (BNNP) in combating illicit narcotics trafficking in Medan City, a role mandated by Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. The research concentrates on the operational execution of investigations, inter-agency coordination with other law enforcement bodies, and eradication activities achieved through public cooperation. The analysis indicates that BNNP investigators act as a pivotal entity, integrating technology-based intelligence with community participation to dismantle narcotics syndicates. Nevertheless, the overall efficacy of these investigations is impeded by both internal and external constraints. Consequently, the researcher recommends strengthening investigator capacity via intelligence training, allocating greater resources, and implementing systematic community empowerment programs to enhance public reporting and involvement. Executing these recommendations is expected to elevate the investigation success ratio and the effectiveness of counter-narcotics efforts in Medan City.

PERAN BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL SUMATRA UTARA DALAM MENGATASI PENGGUNA NARKOBA (RESIDIVIS)

2025-11-03T09:22:22+00:00

Recidivism is a major concern in the criminal justice system, which occurs when a person returns to commit a crime after serving a sentence or rehabilitation. In the case of narcotics crimes in Indonesia, the high recidivism rate reflects weaknesses in law enforcement and the ineffectiveness of rehabilitation programs. Recidivism involves factors such as environmental stress, substance addiction, and lack of social support. Prisons play a role not only as a place of punishment, but also as a forum for coaching so that inmates can improve themselves and return to society with positive behavior. However, rehabilitation for narcotics recidivists faces various complex obstacles. This study aims to identify the main causative factors of recidivism in the National Narcotics Agency of North Sumatra Province and formulate effective prevention strategies through rehabilitation to support policy development and preventive efforts in reducing the rate of narcotics recidivism in the region.

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA OLEH KURATOR ATAS PENGHILANGAN ATAU PENYEMBUNYIAN BARANG PAILIT

2025-11-03T09:22:55+00:00

Maraknya pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh kurator dalam, pemberasan harta pailit yang menimbulkan pertanyaan dikalangan masyarakat sejauh mana pertanggung jawaban pidana yang diberikan kepada kurator dalam menjalankan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya. Sebagai dasar analisis, penelitian ini menyoroti Melalui Keputusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 277 K/Pid/2024, dilakukan analisis terhadap peran dan kewajiban kurator dalam pengelolaan serta penyelesaian aset pailit. Penelithan yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana sebenarnya penerapan pemidanaan kepada para kurator yang berbuat pelanggaran dalam pengurusan dan pemberesan harta pailit serta bagaimana proses pengembaliannya kepada para kreditur dan juga debitur. Dalam upaya menghimpun dan mengintegrasikan seluruh data, penulis menerapkan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan serta pendekatan konseptual. Dalam hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelangaran yang dilakukan oleh kurator dapat menimbulkan tanggung jawab pidana apabila terbukti adanya unsur kesengajaan yang mengakubatkan kerugian dalam pengurusan harta pailit. Penerapan pemidanaan ini dapat menjadi jalan keluar agar para kurator dalam menyelesaikan tugas pengurusannya dapat berjalan dengan baik tanpa adanya penyimpangan pada saat menjalankan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya.

ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP PUTUSAN BADAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KONSUMEN (BPSK) DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KONSUMEN (Studi Putusan Nomor 006/SPut/IX/2025/BPSK.Mdn)

2025-11-03T09:52:13+00:00

Consumer disputes hold significant importance in Indonesia due to the large number of business actors, which necessitates the establishment of the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK) as stipulated in Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection. This study examines the relevant legal provisions and their alignment with the BPSK Decision No. 006/SPut/IX/2025/BPSK.Mdn, covering both fundamental regulations and consumer protection aspects. Using a normative juridical approach and referring to primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, the research findings indicate that BPSK operates in accordance with existing legal frameworks and upholds the principles of justice, legal certainty, and balance between consumers and business actors. Consequently, the implementation of the law and its decisions are consistent with the foundational principles of the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency.

PERAN BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL DALAM KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA MENANGANI KASUS NARKOTIKA ANAK DIBAWAH UMUR

2025-11-03T09:50:25+00:00

Drug abuse (narcotics) among minors is a form of crime that has a serious impact on the future of the nation's generation. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) implements criminal law policies related to narcotics transaction cases involving minors and also to find out the factors that cause narcotics abuse among them. The method used in this study is normative juridical with a legal and conceptual approach. The findings of the study show that BNN has an important role in three main aspects, namely prevention, law enforcement, and rehabilitation. However, the effectiveness of the implementation of the policy still encounters various challenges, such as limited human resources, lack of rehabilitation places for adolescents, and weak cooperation between the institutions involved. Efforts to overcome this problem are carried out with promotional, preventive, curative, rehabilitative, and repressive approaches that are carried out continuously. In order for the implementation of criminal law policies to be more effective, it is necessary to increase cross-sector cooperation and strengthen the education and rehabilitation function for children who use narcotics.

Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Kebocoran Data Pribadi Yang Disebabkan Oleh Artificial Intelligent (Studi Kasus : Kebocoran Data Oleh Scatter Lab)

2025-11-07T07:21:25+00:00

Kemajuan teknologi informasi telah mengubah berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia, termasuk dalam pengelolaan data pribadi. Di era digital, data pribadi sering kali menjadi sasaran penyalahgunaan, terutama dengan hadirnya kecerdasan buatan (AI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek hukum terkait kebocoran data pribadi, dengan fokus pada studi kasus Scatter Lab di Korea Selatan, yang melibatkan penggunaan data pribadi tanpa izin dalam pengembangan chatbot berbasis AI. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Di Korea Selatan, kebocoran data Scatter Lab diatur oleh Undang-Undang Perlindungan Informasi Pribadi (PIPA) yang ketat, dengan sanksi administratif dan pidana yang berat. Sebaliknya, Indonesia hingga tahun 2022 belum memiliki regulasi komprehensif yang melindungi data pribadi secara spesifik, meskipun ada landasan hukum seperti Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 20 Tahun 2016. Studi ini menemukan bahwa sistem hukum Korea lebih maju, didukung oleh badan pengawas independen, yaitu Komisi Perlindungan Informasi Pribadi. Sebaliknya, kerangka regulasi di Indonesia masih membutuhkan penguatan, termasuk pembentukan lembaga pengawas independen. Hasil penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya regulasi yang tegas untuk mengimbangi kemajuan teknologi dan melindungi hak privasi individu. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penyesuaian kebijakan di Indonesia agar selaras dengan standar internasional, seperti GDPR Uni Eropa, guna menjamin keamanan data pribadi di era digital

Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Penghentian Penuntutan Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Ringan Berdasarkan Peraturan Kejaksaan No.15 tahun 2020

2025-11-07T07:23:38+00:00

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the termination of prosecution for minor criminal cases based on Public Prosecutor Regulation Number 15 of 2020 using a restorative justice approach. The issuance of this regulation is a response to the weaknesses of the formal criminal justice system, which often results in case backlogs, budget inefficiencies, and minimal redress for victims. The methodology used in this paper is a normative juridical legal approach, which includes a review of laws and regulations, doctrines, and related literature. The results of the study indicate that the mechanism of termination of prosecution through restorative justice offers a more humane, fast, simple, and affordable case resolution option. Substantively, this approach has proven effective in restoring relationships between perpetrators, victims, and the community, as well as reducing the potential for recidivism. However, the effectiveness of its implementation is still affected by several obstacles, such as limited technical regulations, resistance from law enforcement officials, and a lack of public understanding. Therefore, strengthening implementation guidelines, increasing prosecutorial capacity, and synergy between law enforcement agencies are essential. Overall, Public Prosecutor Regulation Number 15 of 2020 represents a significant innovation in the effort to realize a more adaptive, efficient, and effective criminal justice system.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Tindak Pidana Penipuan Pada Media Sosial

2025-11-07T07:24:55+00:00

The rapid advancement of information technology has profoundly influenced many aspects of human life, including the dynamics of crime. Among the various types of offenses, one of the most common is classified as white-collar crime, typically committed by individuals who possess the knowledge and technical capability to exploit digital systems. The techniques employed are increasingly complex and varied, such as the use of false identities or the creation of deceptive social media accounts to manipulate and mislead potential victims. Consequently, a growing number of individuals suffer both material and non-material losses. A major issue that arises concerns the difficulty victims face in obtaining adequate legal protection. This challenge stems from inconsistencies in legal interpretation between the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 1 of 2024, which amends Law Number 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law). The KUHP primarily emphasizes the criminalization of perpetrators and the elements of the offense, whereas the ITE Law provides a broader framework for victim protection and the restoration of victims’ rights, including compensation. This study aims to analyze the legal protection afforded to victims of fraud on social media and to examine the forms of cyber fraud that occur through these platforms. The research adopts a normative juridical approach, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and historical methods. The findings reveal that legal protection for victims of online fraud is formally provided under several legal instruments, including the Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, the Law on the Protection of Witnesses and Victims, and Law Number 1 of 2024 on Electronic Information and Transactions. However, implementation remains ineffective, hindered by weak law enforcement and low public digital literacy. Moreover, the forms of social media fraud continue to evolve, encompassing schemes such as online marketplace scams, fake job postings, and phishing activities. Although Article 378 of the Criminal Code still serves as the legal basis for prosecuting fraud, the application of the ITE Law as lex specialis is deemed necessary to effectively address and sanction perpetrators of digital crimes.

Efektivitas Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Transaksi Jual Beli Kendaraan Bermotor Bekas di Kabupaten Madiun dalam Perspektif Hukum Perdata dan Perlindungan Konsumen

2025-11-07T07:27:15+00:00

Penelitian ini menganalisis efektivitas perlindungan hukum terhadap transaksi jual beli kendaraan bermotor bekas di Kabupaten Madiun berdasarkan perspektif hukum perdata dan perlindungan konsumen. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis-empiris dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif melalui wawancara dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa banyak transaksi dilakukan tanpa perjanjian tertulis dan tanpa verifikasi status hukum kendaraan, sehingga tidak memenuhi unsur sah Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Lemahnya literasi hukum masyarakat dan belum optimalnya peran Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) menyebabkan perlindungan hukum belum berjalan efektif. Penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya sinergi antara substansi hukum, struktur hukum, dan budaya hukum untuk mewujudkan kepastian dan perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen kendaraan bermotor bekas.

Konstitusionalitas Perppu Cipta Kerja dalam Perspektif Negara Hukum dan Konstitusionalisme di Indonesia

2025-11-07T07:36:45+00:00

Penerbitan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (Perppu) Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja menimbulkan perdebatan serius dalam diskursus ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Perppu ini lahir sebagai respon pemerintah terhadap putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 yang menyatakan Undang-Undang Hak Cipta Kerja inkonstitusionalitas bersyarat. Penelitian ini berupaya menjawab pertanyaan mengenai konstitusionalitas Perppu Cipta Kerja ditinjau dari prinsip negara hukum dan asas konstitusionalisme. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, penelitian ini mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, serta praktik perbandingan di negara lain. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penerbitan Perppu ini menghadapi problem konstitusional karena alasan “kegentingan memaksa” sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 22 UUD 1945 tidak sepenuhnya terpenuhi. Selain itu, praktik penerbitan Perppu Cipta Kerja berpotensi menggeser prinsip checks and balances serta memperlemah legitimasi legislasi. Studi perbandingan dengan Jerman, India, dan Perancis memperlihatkan bahwa instrumen hukum darurat memerlukan batasan ketat agar tidak melanggar supremasi konstitusi.

Implementasi Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Migran Indonesia dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional

2025-11-07T07:47:29+00:00

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi perlindungan hukum terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) dalam perspektif hukum internasional serta mengkaji sinkronisasi antara ketentuan internasional dan peraturan nasional, khususnya Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 tentang Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kerangka hukum nasional Indonesia telah menyesuaikan sebagian besar prinsip dari International Labour Organization (ILO) dan International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (ICRMW) 1990, masih terdapat hambatan implementatif di lapangan seperti lemahnya koordinasi antar lembaga, perlindungan sosial yang belum merata, serta keterbatasan akses bantuan hukum bagi PMI di negara tujuan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya penguatan diplomasi ketenagakerjaan, pembentukan mekanisme pemantauan bersama antara pemerintah dan organisasi internasional, serta peningkatan kapasitas lembaga pelindung PMI.

Analysis of the Principle of Utilitarianism in Judicial Decision-Making: A Study of Constitutional Court Decision Number 135/PUU-XXII/2024 Regarding the Separation of National and Regional Elections

2025-11-10T08:31:04+00:00

This research analyzes the application of the principle of utilitarianism in the legal considerations of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 135/PUU-XXII/2024, which stipulates the separation of the organization of National Elections and Regional Elections starting in 2029. The simultaneous five-box election system implemented since 2019 has created a systemic burden for voters and organizers, increased the number of invalid votes, and resulted in the deaths of election officials due to extreme fatigue. This decision is a constitutional response to the complexity of simultaneous elections, which are considered to contradict the principles of popular sovereignty and the principles of honest and fair elections. The research method used is normative juridical with a legislative, conceptual, and case approach, which is analyzed qualitatively based on the theoretical framework of utilitarianism by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. The research results show that the Constitutional Court's considerations in this decision reflect the application of the principle of "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" thru efforts to maximize collective happiness while minimizing excessive electoral burdens. Separating national and regional elections by a two-year gap has the potential to improve the quality of democratic participation, reduce systemic fatigue for organizers, strengthen the institutionalization of political parties, and increase political accountability at every level of government. From a utilitarian perspective, this decision demonstrates a long-term consideration for the sustainability of Indonesia's democratic system by prioritizing broader social utility over immediate interests, although its implementation requires a comprehensive legal transition design to avoid office vacancies and uphold the principle of power periodicity.

Peran Kejaksaan Dalam Memberikan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Sebagai Saksi Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana

2025-11-11T06:34:03+00:00

Anak sebagai saksi dalam perkara pidana merupakan pihak yang rentan menghadapi berbagai bentuk tekanan, baik psikologis maupun sosial, selama proses peradilan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perlindungan hukum yang komprehensif agar hak-hak anak tetap terjamin. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran kejaksaan dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap anak saksi, sekaligus menganalisis bentuk-bentuk perlindungan yang diterapkan dalam praktik peradilan pidana di Indonesia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kejaksaan memiliki tanggung jawab strategis dalam memastikan anak saksi mendapat perlakuan khusus yang ramah anak, termasuk penggunaan bahasa sederhana saat pemeriksaan, penyediaan ruang khusus yang kondusif, pendampingan psikolog maupun penasihat hukum, serta pembatasan frekuensi pemeriksaan agar tidak menimbulkan beban berlebih. Selain itu, kejaksaan berupaya menghindarkan anak dari kontak langsung dengan tersangka guna mencegah intimidasi. Keseluruhan upaya tersebut sejalan dengan prinsip perlindungan anak dan asas kepentingan terbaik bagi anak. Dengan demikian, perlindungan hukum yang dijalankan oleh kejaksaan berperan penting dalam mewujudkan sistem peradilan pidana yang humanis, adil, dan ramah anak.

Peran Tata Usaha Sebagai Penghubung Administrasi Surat Masuk Di Biro Hukum Kantor Gubernur Sumatera Utara

2025-11-11T06:36:33+00:00

Administrasi memiliki peran yang sangat fundamental dalam mendukung kinerja birokrasi, khususnya dalam mengelola arus informasi melalui surat masuk. Di Biro Hukum Kantor Gubernur Sumatera Utara, bagian tata usaha menjadi unit strategis yang tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai penerima dan pencatat dokumen, tetapi juga memastikan distribusi surat berjalan tepat sasaran, teratur, dan sesuai prosedur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan konseptual untuk menganalisis peran tata usaha dalam pengelolaan surat masuk, kendala yang dihadapi, serta alternatif solusi yang dapat diterapkan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tata usaha menjalankan lima fungsi utama, yaitu penerimaan dan pencatatan, pengolahan dan distribusi, monitoring tindak lanjut, pengarsipan, serta koordinasi dan peningkatan kapasitas pegawai. Namun, sejumlah hambatan masih ditemukan, antara lain tingginya volume surat masuk, keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, penggunaan sistem manual, kendala teknis dan keamanan, lemahnya koordinasi antarbagian, serta kepatuhan terhadap regulasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan sistem digital, pelatihan SDM, serta penerapan SOP yang lebih ketat agar pengelolaan administrasi surat masuk dapat berjalan lebih efektif, efisien, dan akuntabel.

Studi SDM dan Hukum Ketenagakerjaan pada Usaha Konveksi Mikro di Wilayah Kabupaten Bandung

2025-11-13T06:23:18+00:00

Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana pengelolaan sumber daya manusia dilakukan pada usaha konveksi kecil, dengan mengambil contoh Elhasna Hijab Indonesia di Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif melalui wawancara, observasi, dan pengumpulan dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perekrutan tenaga kerja masih mengandalkan kerabat dan lingkungan sekitar, sementara pelatihan dilakukan secara mandiri tanpa dukungan dari pihak luar. Pembagian kerja sudah cukup jelas, namun tetap fleksibel sesuai kebutuhan produksi. Sistem pengupahan menggunakan dua cara, yaitu borongan untuk bagian tertentu dan gaji bulanan untuk bagian lainnya. Tantangan utama muncul dalam hal kedisiplinan pekerja karena sebagian besar berasal dari keluarga dan tetangga. Untuk mengatasinya, pemilik usaha menerapkan sistem peringatan serta penghargaan. Dari sisi hukum ketenagakerjaan, praktik yang dijalankan umumnya sudah sesuai aturan, meskipun masih ada hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan seperti standar upah minimum dan pengaturan jam kerja. Penelitian ini menekankan bahwa dukungan pelatihan serta kebijakan pemerintah sangat dibutuhkan agar pengelolaan tenaga kerja di konveksi mikro bisa lebih profesional.

ANALISIS YURIDIS ATAS MEKANISME PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA BULLYING DI SEKTOR PENDIDIKAN

2025-11-13T06:27:07+00:00

Penelitian ini meneliti tentang faktor keluarga, faktor teman sebaya, dan faktor media massa sebagai penyebab bullying di kalangan peserta didik Sekolah Kota Palangkaraya. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif, dan jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Peneliti mengambil data dengan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti memperoleh data: (1) faktor keluarga menjadi penyebab timbulnya perilaku bullying di kalangan peserta didik salah satunya karena keluarga yang kurang harmonis, (2) faktor teman sebaya menjadi penyebab timbulnya perilaku bullying di kalangan peserta didik salah satunya karena tingginya intensitas komunikasi antar teman sebaya yang memungkinkan peserta didik ini terhasut oleh teman-temannya yang berorientasi negatif, (3) faktor media massa menjadi penyebab timbulnya perilaku bullying di kalangan peserta didik, karena adanya penyalahgunaan media sosial sebagai media untuk melakukan bully dalam bentuk non-verbal (teks).

Konsep Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi BUMN Dalam KUHP Nasional dan Undang-Undang BUMN

2025-11-13T06:29:58+00:00

Pemisahan kekayaan negara dan BUMN telah membuka peluang untuk memidana BUMN sebagai entitas korporasi sebagaimana dalam KUHP Nasional dan UU BUMN Baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pertanggungjawaban pidana BUMN dalam KUHP Nasional dan menganalisis bentuk harmonisasi konsep pertanggungjawaban pidana BUMN dalam KUHP Nasional dan UU No. 1 Tahun 2025. Tipe penelitian menggunakan tipe penelitian normatif menggunakan pendekatan konsep dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Bahan hukum bersumber dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder yang dianalisis menggunakan analisis preskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) BUMN dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana berdasarkan Pasal 45 KUHP Nasional yang mengategorikan BUMN sebagai entitas yang dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana. Hal ini juga selaras dengan teori pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi diantaranya teori vicarious liability, teori directing mind, teori identifikasi dan teori pelaku fungsional, dan 2) UU No. 1 Tahun 2025 memisahkan BUMN dari negara (kekayaan negara) yang bertujuan untuk membuat demarkasi yang jelas antara tanggung jawab publik dan tanggung jawab korporasi. Pemisahan ini berarti kekayaan negara yang digunakan untuk penyertaan modal pada BUMN tidak lagi menjadi bagian dari APBN dan dikelola berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip perusahaan yang sehat, bukan lagi berdasarkan sistem APBN. Pemisahan entitas tersebut mempertegas posisi BUMN sebagai entitas yang dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban secara pidana.

PERAN DPRD KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR DALAM MENYIKAPI AKSI DEMONSTRASI :STUDI DEMOKRASI PARTISIPATIF

2025-11-13T06:33:50+00:00

The Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) holds and performs key functions in budgeting, legislation, and oversight. The primary challenge lies in how the DPRD can establish an effective working mechanism to optimize its performance. Fostering awareness among DPRD members regarding their roles and responsibilities has become an urgent necessity, as the public holds high expectations for the DPRD to fulfill its parliamentary functions in a more tangible and impactful manner. This implies that the implementation of local governance must adhere to principles of public accountability, which in turn necessitates a strong supervisory function. This study explores the role of the DPRD of Pematangsiantar City in responding to demonstrations as part of the dynamics of participatory democracy. The aim is to investigate how the DPRD addresses demands and aspirations expressed through demonstrations, and to assess the effectiveness of the DPRD in accommodating and following up on public concerns raised through these mass actions. The findings indicate that the DPRD of Pematangsiantar City plays a strategic role in receiving and channeling public aspirations through demonstrations, while striving to maintain a balance between public interests and social stability. Participatory democracy serves as a crucial foundation in decision-making processes, where dialogue and negotiation are essential in achieving equilibrium between the DPRD, the government, and elements of civil society, including community organizations, labor unions, and students. This study highlights the importance of the DPRD's role as a facilitator in bridging communication between the government and the citizens, thereby ensuring that local policies formulated are more responsive and inclusive.

The Validity of Settlement Agreements That Override Final and Binding Court Decisions According to Article 1320 of the Civil Code

2025-11-13T06:36:34+00:00

Legal disputes between legal entities in the realm of civil law can be resolved through litigation in a district court or through non-litigation outside of court based on an amicable agreement between the parties. This study aims to discuss the legal issue of the validity of a settlement agreement made by the disputing parties, whereby the contents of the settlement agreement override a court decision that has permanent legal force, based on the interpretation of Article 1320 of the Civil Code regarding the validity requirements of an agreement. In researching this issue, a normative legal research method was used. The results of the study conclude that a settlement agreement that overrides a final and binding court decision by the parties who agree to it, when viewed based on the provisions of Article 1320 concerning the validity of agreements, does not conflict with the validity of agreements and can be interpreted as a breakthrough in the settlement of disputes arising from judicial proceedings. A settlement agreement that has executory power and can be requested for execution is a settlement agreement agreed upon by the parties before the case is decided at the first level of legal proceedings, confirmed by a Settlement Agreement by the panel of judges, and if agreed upon after the court decision at the first level of legal proceedings, submitted in writing to the Examining Judge at the appeal level, appeal, or review to be decided by a Settlement Deed.

THE ROLE OF NOTARIES IN PREVENTING TAX AVOIDANCE IN THE SALE AND PURCHASE OF NON-LAND ASSETS BETWEEN PARTIES IN RELATIONSHIPS

2025-11-13T11:05:28+00:00

This study examines the strategic role of notaries in preventing tax avoidance practices in non-land asset sale and purchase transactions between parties with special relationships. Using a normative legal research method through a conceptual and legislative approach, this study analyzes how the notary's understanding and prudence can prevent the use of deeds as a means of tax avoidance, particularly in determining transaction prices. Notaries, as public officials authorized to draw up authentic deeds, have an important role in ensuring that transactions are legally valid, reasonable, and in accordance with tax regulations. The application of the Know Your Customer (KYC) principle and the arm's length principle (ALP), as stipulated in Minister of Finance Regulation No. 172 of 2023, is crucial for notaries to assess indications of special relationships and record transaction values accurately and objectively. Thus, notaries can contribute to creating transparency and tax compliance.

APPLICATION OF ADDITIONAL CORRECTIVE CRIMINAL PENALTIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES ( CASE STUDY OF BALIGE DISTRICT COURT DECISION NO. 28 /PID.SUS/201 5 /PN .BLG )

2025-11-13T11:07:10+00:00

The background of this research is the increasing threat to environmental sustainability due to human activities. Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (UUPPLH) serves as the legal basis, which allows for the imposition of principal and additional criminal sanctions on business entities committing environmental crimes. The case in question involves PT. Gorga Duma Sari (PT. GDS), where its president director, JONNI SIHOTANG, was accused of environmental damage through tree felling and land clearing without permits and valid environmental documents, causing damage to the river ecosystem. Although the Public Prosecutor did not demand additional remedial penalties, the Panel of Judges at the Balige District Court in its decision imposed additional penalties on PT. GDS to repair the environmental damage. This decision was based on the consideration that the crime was committed for the benefit and profit of PT. GDS, as well as the application of the principles of "Polluter Pays" and "In Dubio Pro Natura" through judicial activism. This research highlights the differences in views between the demands of the Public Prosecutor and the judge's decision, which was ultra petita in applying additional remedial criminal sanctions. The conclusion of the research shows that the basis for the judge's consideration in imposing additional penalties is because the crime was committed for and on behalf of PT. GDS which received the profits, based on Article 116 paragraph (1) in conjunction with Article 118 in conjunction with Article 119 of the UUPPLH and the principles of "Polluter Pays" and "In Dubio Pro Natura". This research also suggests optimizing the demands for additional criminal improvements by the public prosecutor in environmental crime cases.

IMPLEMENTATION NOODWEEREXCESS IN PROVING EVIDENCE IN CASES OF ASSAULT (CASE STUDY OF THE DECISION AT THE MALILI DISTRICT COURT NO: 40/PID.B/2019/PN MLL)

2025-11-13T11:08:33+00:00

This study examines the application of the concept of noodweerexcess (excessive forced defense) in proving criminal cases of assault in Indonesia. The case study focuses on the Malili District Court Decision Number: 40/PID.B/2019/PN MLL. The background of this study is the importance of law enforcement based on justice, certainty, and legal benefits, as mandated by Pancasila as the philosophical basis of the Indonesian state. This article highlights the differences in views between the public prosecutor and the panel of judges regarding the application of Article 49 paragraph (2) of the Criminal Code regarding noodweerexcess in this case. The author analyzes the legal facts revealed in the trial and the judge's considerations , and provides a critical view of the judge's decision that stated the defendant could not be convicted for using excessive forced defense. This study concludes that the application of Article 49 of the Criminal Code in this case is considered inappropriate because one of the elements of the article is not supported by the facts of the act as stated in the case file. The author also provides suggestions regarding improving coordination between law enforcement officers and accuracy in the application of the article

CRIMINAL DECISIONS BELOW THE MINIMUM CRIMINAL SENTENCE LIMIT IN CASES OF SEXUAL ABOUT MINORS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CRIMINAL LAW (CASE STUDY OF DECISION NUMBER 18/PID.SUS/2019/PT.PAL)

2025-11-13T11:09:52+00:00

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of sentencing below the minimum limit stipulated in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, specifically Article 81 which stipulates a minimum criminal sanction of 5 years imprisonment for perpetrators of sexual intercourse with children. The focus of this research is an analysis of Decision Number 18/PID.SUS/2019/PT.PAL jo. 219/Pid.Sus/2018/PN Lwk, where the defendant in a case of sexual intercourse with a minor who was his teacher, received a sentence below the minimum threat. The Palu High Court even revised the Luwuk District Court's decision to a suspended sentence, considering that the defendant had married the victim, the victim was pregnant with her second child, and the defendant was a civil servant teacher whose services were needed by the community. This research examines how judges use their freedom in finding the law and making judgments, as well as considering aspects of justice (gerechticheit), certainty (rechtssicherheit), and expediency (zwachmatigheit). The relevance of Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) Number 1 of 2017, which allows for the imposition of sentences below the minimum in certain cases with special considerations such as reconciliation or marriage between the perpetrator and victim, is also discussed. However, the SEMA excludes cases involving teachers and their students. The study concludes that judges can ignore the minimum sentence limit if deemed too harsh, prioritizing justice over legal certainty, particularly through a restorative justice approach and non-juridical considerations.

THE DIALECTIC OF POSITIVISM AND SUBSTANTIVE JUSTICE: THE PANCASILA RULE OF LAW PARADIGM

2025-11-13T11:11:12+00:00

This study examines the dialectic between legal positivism and substantive justice within the framework of the Pancasila legal state paradigm as an effort to find a balance between legal certainty and substantive justice. The background of this study stems from the hegemony of legal positivism in Indonesia, which emphasizes formal and procedural legality, often neglecting the aspect of substantive justice that is at the core of the Pancasila legal ideal. In practice, law tends to stop at normative certainty (law in books), without touching on the values of humanity and justice that exist in society (law in action). The urgency of this study lies in the need to reposition Pancasila as a grundnorm and ethical foundation to return the orientation of Indonesian law to substantive justice, not merely formal justice. The research method used is juridical-normative with a legal philosophy and conceptual hermeneutics approach, which interprets law as das sollen (what should be). The results of the study show that rigid legal positivism has created a gap between legal certainty and substantive justice. The Pancasila legal paradigm presents itself as an integrative model that unites legal certainty and moral justice, positioning law not merely as an instrument of power, but as an ethical and spiritual means to uphold civilized justice. Thus, the Pancasila legal state offers a philosophical foundation for harmonizing positive norms and substantive values of justice in the national legal system.

PHILOSOPHICAL EXAMINATION OF DECISION NO. 916/PDT.P/2022/PN SBY: THE PARADIGM OF TRANSCENDENTAL LAW AND MAQĀṢID AL-SYARĪ‘AH

2025-11-13T11:12:39+00:00

This study is a philosophical examination of Surabaya District Court Decision Number 916/Pdt.P/2022/PN Sby through the approach of Transcendental Law and Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah. The issue of interfaith marriage in the context of Indonesian law reflects the epistemological tension between legal positivism and the divine values that exist in society. The absence of explicit norms regarding the legality of interfaith marriage has encouraged judges to interpret the law formalistically, thereby depriving the law of its ethical and spiritual dimensions. The urgency of this study lies in the pressing need to present a transcendental legal paradigm, namely a law that combines legal rationality with moral values, maqāṣid, and divine justice. This study uses a normative-philosophical legal approach through analysis of court decisions, Islamic legal doctrine, and the principles of modern and prophetic legal philosophy. The methods of analysis include descriptive, hermeneutic, and heuristic approaches to explore the transcendental meaning behind the legal arguments of the decisions. The novelty of this research lies in the formulation of an epistemological synthesis between transcendental law and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah as an alternative paradigm in jurisprudential examination. The findings of this study show that the judges' considerations in this case are still trapped in procedural legalism, without regard to the principles of ḥifẓ al-dīn (protection of religion) and ḥifẓ al-nasl (protection of offspring), which are the basic objectives of Islamic law. Transcendental analysis reveals that law is not merely legally valid, but must achieve substantive justice that links legal certainty with moral and spiritual benefits. Thus, this study offers a conceptual model of “transcendental maqāṣid-based law” as a new direction for national legal reform based on Pancasila.

UPAYA ADVOKAT DALAM MELAKUKAN PENDAMPINGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

2025-11-13T11:14:10+00:00

Pendampingan hukum oleh advokat dalam kasus korupsi merupakan aspek krusial dalam menegakkan supremasi hukum dan memastikan keadilan dalam proses peradilan pidana. Advokat memiliki peran strategis dalam memberikan bantuan hukum kepada klien, baik tersangka, terdakwa, maupun saksi, dengan memastikan hak-hak mereka terlindungi sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan, seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 tentang Advokat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis upaya advokat dalam pendampingan hukum, strategi yang diterapkan, serta problematika yang dihadapi dalam menangani perkara korupsi. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dengan mengkaji literatur terkait peran advokat, etika profesi, dan tantangan dalam pendampingan hukum kasus korupsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa advokat tidak hanya berperan sebagai pendamping hukum, tetapi juga sebagai penasihat yang memberikan strategi hukum untuk meminimalkan risiko hukum bagi klien, meskipun sering kali menghadapi dilema etika dan tekanan eksternal. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan kapasitas advokat melalui pelatihan dan penyuluhan hukum untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pendampingan dalam kasus korupsi.

Tinjauan Mengenai Tugas dan Wewenang Jaksa dalam Tahap Pra- Penuntutan di Kejaksaan Negeri Samosir

2025-11-13T11:15:40+00:00

Penelitian ini membahas tantangan yang dihadapi Jaksa Penuntut Umum (JPU) dalam tahap pra-penuntutan serta solusi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penegakan hukum pidana di Indonesia. Melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif dan empiris, penelitian ini menyoroti berbagai kendala seperti ketidakjelasan petunjuk penyelesaian berkas perkara, kesalahan penerapan pasal pidana, lemahnya koordinasi antara penyidik dan jaksa, serta hambatan administrasi dan waktu. Faktor-faktor tersebut mengakibatkan proses pra-penuntutan berjalan tidak efisien dan menghambat terwujudnya asas peradilan cepat, sederhana dan biaya ringan. Solusi yang diusulkan mencakup penguatan kerja sama dan komunikasi antar lembaga penegak hukum, penerapan keadilan restoratif, peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia, pengawasan internal yang efektif, serta digitalisasi sistem penanganan perkara. Implementasi langkah-langkah tersebut diharapkan dapat menciptakan proses pra- penuntutan yang lebih efisien, transparan dan berkeadilan.

Peran Advokat dalam Perdamaian Kasus Pidana Produksi dan Edaran Obat Tidak Sesuai Standar Pada Anak

2025-11-13T11:16:32+00:00

Advokat memiliki peran strategis dalam sistem peradilan pidana, tidak hanya sebagai pembela hukum di pengadilan tetapi juga sebagai mediator dalam penyelesaian sengketa secara damai. Dalam kasus pidana kesehatan, seperti tragedi gagal ginjal akut pada anak akibat obat tidak sesuai standar, advokat dihadapkan pada dilema antara penegakan hukum dan keadilan bagi korban. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran advokat dalam menempuh perdamaian pada kasus tindak pidana produksi dan edaran obat tidak sesuai standar pada anak, serta kendala yang dihadapi dalam praktiknya. Dengan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan, penelitian ini menggunakan bahan hukum primer dan sekunder seperti peraturan, literatur, dan jurnal hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan advokat berperan sebagai fasilitator dalam penyelesaian damai yang tetap memperhatikan pertanggungjawaban pidana pelaku. Namun, muncul kendala seperti penolakan dari korban, keterbatasan norma hukum pidana terhadap perdamaian, dan dilema etika profesi. Oleh karena itu, advokat harus menyeimbangkan perlindungan hak anak dan keadilan publik melalui pendekatan hukum yang humanis dan berorientasi pada pemulihan